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Abstract <p>The study investigates the possibility of using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in open air to produce porous titanium carbide skeletons containing free graphite, designed for spontaneous infiltration with Al–5% Cu and Al–5% Si melts prepared in a furnace at 900°C. Hybrid composites TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu) and TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Si) were obtained with relatively homogeneous structures and average densities of 3.06 and 2.94 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The microstructure, phase composition, physical–mechanical and tribological characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrostatic density measurement, compressive strength tests, and pin-on-disk tribometry. Secondary phases in the composites include Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and TiAl<sub>3</sub>. Reduced interfacial chemical activity was observed in TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu). Tribological tests revealed enhanced wear resistance with predominantly abrasive wear mechanisms. Compared to pure Al, TiC–C composites infiltrated with Al–5% Si and Al–5% Cu exhibited significantly better tribological performance: the addition of 5% Si and 5% Cu reduced the friction coefficient by 17 and 34%, counter body wear by 21 and 71%, and composite wear by 1.8 and 3.5 times, respectively. The best tribological results were achieved for TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu). The conventional yield strength was: Al–5% Si (92.8 ± 13.1 MPa), Al–5% Cu (128.7 ± 17.2 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Si) (191.0 ± 29.7 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu) (208.3 ± 58.1&#xa0;MPa). Thus, the addition of a TiC–C skeleton increased the yield strength of Al alloys by 1.6–2 times.</p>

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The Influence of Aluminum Alloying on the Structure and Properties of TiC–Graphite–Al SHS Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • E. R. Umerov,
  • A. P. Amosov,
  • E. I. Latukhin,
  • A. D. Kachura,
  • I. A. Rastegaev,
  • M. A. Afanasiev

摘要

Abstract

The study investigates the possibility of using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in open air to produce porous titanium carbide skeletons containing free graphite, designed for spontaneous infiltration with Al–5% Cu and Al–5% Si melts prepared in a furnace at 900°C. Hybrid composites TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu) and TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Si) were obtained with relatively homogeneous structures and average densities of 3.06 and 2.94 g/cm3. The microstructure, phase composition, physical–mechanical and tribological characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrostatic density measurement, compressive strength tests, and pin-on-disk tribometry. Secondary phases in the composites include Al4C3, Al2O3, and TiAl3. Reduced interfacial chemical activity was observed in TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu). Tribological tests revealed enhanced wear resistance with predominantly abrasive wear mechanisms. Compared to pure Al, TiC–C composites infiltrated with Al–5% Si and Al–5% Cu exhibited significantly better tribological performance: the addition of 5% Si and 5% Cu reduced the friction coefficient by 17 and 34%, counter body wear by 21 and 71%, and composite wear by 1.8 and 3.5 times, respectively. The best tribological results were achieved for TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu). The conventional yield strength was: Al–5% Si (92.8 ± 13.1 MPa), Al–5% Cu (128.7 ± 17.2 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Si) (191.0 ± 29.7 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu) (208.3 ± 58.1 MPa). Thus, the addition of a TiC–C skeleton increased the yield strength of Al alloys by 1.6–2 times.