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Abstract <p>The study of the formation of tree litterfall is a necessary step in understanding the forest–soil system and features of the global biogeochemical cycle in forest biogeocenoses. The purpose of this paper was to assess the seasonal dynamics and spatial intrabiogeocenotic variation in the mass and fractional composition of tree litterfall in undisturbed korean-pine–broadleaved forests in the southern Sikhote-Alin (Primorskii krai). Litterfall, including needles, leaves, branches, and generative and other litterfall fractions, was collected from five permanent sample plots characterizing a mixed-shrub forest with yellow birch and linden from August 2023 to August 2024. Ten 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> litter traps were placed on each sample plot. The average litterfall mass for the above-mentioned period was 4.74 ± 0.13 t/ha. Between 1974 and 1991, the annual litterfall input in similar biogeocenoses varied from 3.87 to 4.63 t/ha. The current slight excess of these long-term values is possibly associated with the extremely wet and warm summer seasons of 2023 and 2024, as well as with internal changes in the community structure. The fractional composition of the litterfall significantly varied between the sample plots and reflected the composition of the forest stand. The main fall of leaves and needles was observed in the autumn period (September–October); generative organs predominated in the litterfall in summer, while branches and bark prevailed in winter and spring. The most significant difference from the period of 1974–1991 is determined by an increase in the proportion of the leaf component of the litterfall with a simultaneous decrease in the average mass of needles, branches, and generative organs. The estimated phytomass of the living components (needles, leaves, and branches) was 4.7 ± 0.7, 2.5 ± 0.3, and 35.4 ± 0.9 t/ha, respectively. The average mass of needles and leaves recorded in the litter traps reached 28 and 93% of the corresponding living fractions. The spatial distribution of litter in the sample plots is significantly influenced by wind and the slope position of the studied biogeocenosis.</p>

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Formation and Fractional Composition of Tree litterfall in the Korean-pine–Broadleaved Forests of the Southern Sikhote-Alin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • G. A. Gladkova,
  • L. A. Sibirina,
  • A. M. Omel’ko,
  • A. A. Zhmerenetskii,
  • O. N. Ukhvatkina,
  • A. V. Kuprin

摘要

Abstract

The study of the formation of tree litterfall is a necessary step in understanding the forest–soil system and features of the global biogeochemical cycle in forest biogeocenoses. The purpose of this paper was to assess the seasonal dynamics and spatial intrabiogeocenotic variation in the mass and fractional composition of tree litterfall in undisturbed korean-pine–broadleaved forests in the southern Sikhote-Alin (Primorskii krai). Litterfall, including needles, leaves, branches, and generative and other litterfall fractions, was collected from five permanent sample plots characterizing a mixed-shrub forest with yellow birch and linden from August 2023 to August 2024. Ten 0.5 m2 litter traps were placed on each sample plot. The average litterfall mass for the above-mentioned period was 4.74 ± 0.13 t/ha. Between 1974 and 1991, the annual litterfall input in similar biogeocenoses varied from 3.87 to 4.63 t/ha. The current slight excess of these long-term values is possibly associated with the extremely wet and warm summer seasons of 2023 and 2024, as well as with internal changes in the community structure. The fractional composition of the litterfall significantly varied between the sample plots and reflected the composition of the forest stand. The main fall of leaves and needles was observed in the autumn period (September–October); generative organs predominated in the litterfall in summer, while branches and bark prevailed in winter and spring. The most significant difference from the period of 1974–1991 is determined by an increase in the proportion of the leaf component of the litterfall with a simultaneous decrease in the average mass of needles, branches, and generative organs. The estimated phytomass of the living components (needles, leaves, and branches) was 4.7 ± 0.7, 2.5 ± 0.3, and 35.4 ± 0.9 t/ha, respectively. The average mass of needles and leaves recorded in the litter traps reached 28 and 93% of the corresponding living fractions. The spatial distribution of litter in the sample plots is significantly influenced by wind and the slope position of the studied biogeocenosis.