Abstract <p>This study presents a comprehensive radiological assessment of wheat flour consumed in Iraq, with emphasis on internal exposure resulting from ingestion. Nine wheat flour samples collected from different Iraqi markets were analyzed using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry system to determine the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K). The measured activity concentrations were 3.6–6.5 Bq/kg for ²³⁸U, 1.28–2.23 Bq/kg for ²³²Th, and 18.4–26.3 Bq/kg for ⁴⁰K, with the corresponding mean values of 5, 1.7, and 22 Bq/kg, respectively. Radiological health risks associated with wheat flour consumption were evaluated through several dose metrics, including the annual effective ingestion dose (EID), annual stochastic effective dose (ASED), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and organ-specific committed doses. The calculated EID values ranged from 0.0013 to 0.0018 mSv·year^–1, representing less than 1% of the recommended public exposure limit. ELCR values were of the order of <i>n</i> × 10^–5, indicating negligible cancer risk. Organ-specific dose assessments for sensitive tissues such as lungs, bone marrow, and reproductive organs revealed very low committed doses, all well below internationally accepted safety thresholds. For completeness, external exposure indices, including radium equivalent activity, hazard indices, and absorbed gamma dose rate, were also calculated and found to be insignificant compared to ingestion-related exposure. Overall, the results demonstrate that wheat flour consumed in Iraq contains natural radionuclide levels within normal background ranges and poses no significant radiological health risk. These findings provide valuable baseline data to support food safety monitoring and radiological protection programs in Iraq.</p>