Geoarchaeological Analysis of Earthen Constructions and Soils Buried Beneath Them at the Sintashta Burial Ground Near the Village of Belyaevka in the Cis-Ural Steppe
摘要
Geoarchaeological study of earthen constructions (“black platforms”) and soils buried beneath them at the Late Bronze Age archaeological site near the village of Belyaevka in the Cis-Ural steppe, included a hierarchical morphological analysis of the platform material, buried and surface soils, and determination of their physical and chemical properties. The study substantiated the existence of the Sintashta culture’s “black platforms”, earthen burial constructions, and coined ideas on their construction technologies: adding river clay to soil, mixing and puddling the resulting wet ground, and applying a method of earthen suspension sedimentation to fully utilize clay’s binding properties. Based on the analysis of buried and surface soil properties, we determined the relative chronological order in which burial platforms were built at the studied burial ground, and reconstructed the paleoclimate between the first quarter of the 19th and the first half of the 18th century BC. The Sintashta culture must have developed in the region under favorable climatic conditions for living, although it did so after a period of extreme heat and drought at the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.