Soil Complexes of the Arctic and Tundra Zones on the Soil Map of Russia on a Scale of 1 : 2.5 M in the New Russian Soil Classification System
摘要
In the legend section “Complex soil cover” of the Soil Map of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on a scale of 1 : 2.5 M (1988), 29 units are soil complexes of the arctic and tundra zones, the components of which are conventionally zonal tundra soils of the main surface of polygons and mounds, soils of bare circles, and soils of cracks and interpolygonal troughs. The updating of the digitized map includes the renaming of soils in the original legend (and in the database on soil polygons) into the format of the new Russian soil classification system. In the case of soil complexes, all their components have to be renamed. Soils of spots (bare circles) is a unit of the original map legend and a component of many complexes; this unit denotes small areas of soils (decimeters–first meters) not covered with vegetation. In the updated legend, soils of bare circles are further subdivided according to their origin and morphology into cryoabrazems formed as a result of wind and snow corrasion and/or surface washout of fine earth, and cryostratified soils resulting from frost heaving and effusion of liquified mineral material onto the surface. Soils of cracks are differentiated by the character of organic material filling them. The names of tundra soils of the main surface have been changed in accordance with the general principles of the new Russian soil classification system—the priority of diagnostic horizons and features in identifying soil types and subtypes, respectively.