Abstract <p>Soil element types and contents influence vegetation growth and development, which are subsequently affected by vegetation and environmental factors. Improper land use can accelerate land degradation by disrupting the soil structure and depleting soil nutrients, particularly by significantly altering the content and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). This study aimed to examine the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of SOC, TN, and TP and their stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P, and N/P) in Chernozems and Gleysols under various land use types in the Daqing region. Sixty-seven soil samples were collected through a combination of field surveys and laboratory analysis, with data subsequently analysed using ArcGIS technology and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the average SOC content in the Daqing region was measured at 16.26 g/kg, while the TN content was 0.78 g/kg in the present study. However, in 1980, the average SOC content in the Daqing region was 17.59 g/kg, and TN content was 1.85 g/kg. Over a period of approximately 40 years, the average SOC and TN in the Daqing region decreased by 1.33 and 1.07 g/kg, respectively. The SOC and TP increased with soil depth, whereas TN decreased. In terms of horizontal distribution, SOC was enriched in the northeast and depleted in the southwest, whereas TN and TP exhibited higher concentrations in the north and lower concentrations in the south. The SOC distribution was strongly influenced by land use type, followed by TN and C/N, while TP, C/P, and N/P exhibit weaker constraints. Furthermore, the N/P and C/P ratios were positively correlated in the middle and lower soil layers. This study integrates various environmental indicators to identify the factors influencing the dynamics of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.</p>