Abstract <p>Understanding aggregates and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) in diverse cultivation systems is imperative for maintaining soil quality in agroecosystems, especially in arid regions. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different cultivation systems on soil wind erodibility, aggregate-associated SOC and aggregate stability indices of Calcisols found in the Lasbela district, Balochistan, Pakistan, the soils are mainly categorized as Calcisols. The experiment focused up on five crops of different cultivation systems, viz., tomato, wheat, coconut, banana, and alfalfa. Soil samples were collected from three consecutive layers (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) to determine the distribution of soil aggregates by size, without involving the porosity of the aggregates. We found that the soil aggregates of &gt;8.0 mm and 8.0–5.0 mm stored the highest amounts of aggregate-associated SOC in alfalfa and banana cultivation, compared to other soil aggregate fractions. Wheat, banana, and alfalfa were dominated by macro-aggregates (&gt;0.25 mm), while coconut cultivation had a higher degree of micro-aggregates (&lt;0.25 mm) and highest soil wind erodible fraction, at the topsoil (0–15 cm depth). The geometric mean diameter and mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates were higher in wheat, banana, and alfalfa cultivation systems. Additionally, fractal dimensions were greater in coconut cultivation at a depth of 30–45 cm. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation among all the indicators, with a strong linear association (<i>R</i>² = 0.99***, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) between MWD and &gt;8.0 mm aggregate-associated soil organic carbon. We conclude that long-term cultivation practices can efficiently enhance the stability of dry soil aggregates and consequently increase the distribution of organic carbon in Calcisols. This is particularly true for arid regions, where such practices increase soil organic carbon directly related to macro-aggregates.</p>