Study of the Orbital Dynamics of Asteroid 2023 BU, which Made a Record Approach to the Earth

As part of the Pulkovo program for the study of near-Earth objects, more than 1500 observations of asteroid 2023 BU, which was discovered at the very beginning of 2023 just a few days before its extremely close approach to the Earth at a distance of about 3.5 × 10⁶ m from its surface, were made at the MTM-500M telescope. It was one of the closest encounters of an asteroid with the Earth ever recorded, which caught the attention of astronomers around the world. Based on the observations of this asteroid, its orbit was refined and the orbital evolution was studied. In addition, estimates of the influence of solar radiation pressure and the Yarkovsky effect were made, which is relevant due to the problem of asteroid and comet hazard.