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Abstract <p>This study explores the influence of&#xa0; V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> doping on the structural, vibrational, thermal, and optical properties of lead-free K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) ceramics synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method. Vanadium was incorporated at varying concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 9 mol%) to evaluate its role in modifying the material’s functional behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure across all compositions, with systematic lattice parameter shifts indicating successful substitution of Nb<sup>5+</sup> by V<sup>5+</sup> ions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a decrease in the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperature from ~420°C (undoped) to ~360°C (9 mol % V), indicating enhanced thermal tunability. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.05  to 2.68 eV with increasing vanadium content, attributed to defect-level formation and electronic structure modification. SEM analysis indicated grain size refinement from 3.8  ±  0.4  µm (undoped) to 1.2  ±  0.3  µm (5 mol % V), suggesting improved densification. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy identified significant shifts in Nb–O vibrational modes and the emergence of V=O stretching bands (~829 &#xa0;cm<sup>–1</sup>), confirming the structural integration of vanadium and the introduction of local lattice distortions. These findings highlight the potential of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as an effective dopant for tailoring the multifunctional properties of KNN ceramics for advanced dielectric and piezoelectric applications.</p>

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Effect of V2O5 Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Vibrational Properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Kamala Sujani Dasary,
  • K. V. Ramesh,
  • A. V. N. Ramalingeswara Rao

摘要

Abstract

This study explores the influence of  V2O5 doping on the structural, vibrational, thermal, and optical properties of lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method. Vanadium was incorporated at varying concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 9 mol%) to evaluate its role in modifying the material’s functional behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure across all compositions, with systematic lattice parameter shifts indicating successful substitution of Nb5+ by V5+ ions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a decrease in the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperature from ~420°C (undoped) to ~360°C (9 mol % V), indicating enhanced thermal tunability. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.05  to 2.68 eV with increasing vanadium content, attributed to defect-level formation and electronic structure modification. SEM analysis indicated grain size refinement from 3.8  ±  0.4  µm (undoped) to 1.2  ±  0.3  µm (5 mol % V), suggesting improved densification. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy identified significant shifts in Nb–O vibrational modes and the emergence of V=O stretching bands (~829  cm–1), confirming the structural integration of vanadium and the introduction of local lattice distortions. These findings highlight the potential of V2O5 as an effective dopant for tailoring the multifunctional properties of KNN ceramics for advanced dielectric and piezoelectric applications.