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Abstract <p>The paper focuses on the advancement of lead free perovskite solar cells, utilizing environmentally synthesized tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) as the electron transport material and copper iodide (CuI) as the hole transport material. The active layer was composed of (MA<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cs<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub>, with <i>x</i> values of&#xa0; 0, 0.5, or 1. The structural and optical properties of the various layers were examined, revealing that the absorption films exhibited indirect bandgaps ranging from 1.64  to 1.96  eV, depending on the material composition. The solar cells were fabricated and evaluated under conventional illumination settings with a capacity of 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Among of the analyzed compositions, the solar cell with the MA<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub> absorber had the highest energy conversion efficiency of 4.55%. These findings validate the feasibility of employing green manufacturing technology to fabricate perovskite solar cells that exhibit high performance and environmental sustainability.</p>

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Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells: Lead-Free Design and Green-Synthesized Charge Transport Layers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月12日

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  • Amany S. Abd-Alsada,
  • Zainab J. Shanan,
  • Aqel Mashot Jafar

摘要

Abstract

The paper focuses on the advancement of lead free perovskite solar cells, utilizing environmentally synthesized tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transport material and copper iodide (CuI) as the hole transport material. The active layer was composed of (MAxCs1–x)2AgBiI6, with x values of  0, 0.5, or 1. The structural and optical properties of the various layers were examined, revealing that the absorption films exhibited indirect bandgaps ranging from 1.64  to 1.96  eV, depending on the material composition. The solar cells were fabricated and evaluated under conventional illumination settings with a capacity of 100 mW/cm2. Among of the analyzed compositions, the solar cell with the MA2AgBiI6 absorber had the highest energy conversion efficiency of 4.55%. These findings validate the feasibility of employing green manufacturing technology to fabricate perovskite solar cells that exhibit high performance and environmental sustainability.