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Abstract <p>Sm<sup>3+</sup> ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites with chemical formula of Mg<sub>0.8</sub>Cd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2 –</sub> <sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCSF), where <i>x</i> varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005 where synthesized by Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. It is found that the squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.</p>

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Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Sm3-Doped Mg-Cd Nanoferrites Synthesized by Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion Technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • S. Venu,
  • N. V. Krishna Prasad,
  • G. V. S. S. Sarma,
  • N. Harikumar,
  • K. Chandrababu Naidu,
  • G. Vinod,
  • D. Ravinder

摘要

Abstract

Sm3+ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites with chemical formula of Mg0.8Cd0.2SmxFe2 – xO4 (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005 where synthesized by Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm3+ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. It is found that the squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.