Bio Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles from Annona muricata extract as Efficient Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Tandem Perovskite Solar Cell

We report on the successful green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using the fruit extract derived from Annona muricata. The extract has good potential towards strong reducing, stabilizing and capping agent to reduce the size of the particles into nanosized. XRD and FTIR spectrum followed by FESEM and TEM photograph with EDAX has been taken to analyze the crystallinity, purity and morphology of the NiO nanoparticles. The optical properties of prepared particles are subjected for UV–Visible spectrum and Photoluminescence spectrum for the suitability of the particles as the inorganic hole transport layer for perovskite solar cells. The direct bandgap of 2.8 eV is obtained from Tauc plot, NiO stretching is confirmed at 568.66 cm^–1 from FTIR and the composition of nickel and oxygen is 73.10 and 26.90% from EDAX is determined. The TEM analysis confirmed the particle size in the range between 20 to 30 nm. It is revealed that, the synthesized nanoparticles are desired due to its optimum optical properties for the absorption of solar radiation for perovskite solar cells.