Spoke-Type Structures in an Ion Diode with Magnetic Insulation of Electrons

The article presents the results concerning the cross-sectional energy density distribution of a pulsed ion beam for two types of diodes with electron open drift: with external magnetic insulation (250 kV, 80 ns, 0.6 T) and with self-magnetic insulation of electrons (250–300 kV, 120 ns, 0.8 T). Anode plasma is formed using a breakdown along the surface of the anode dielectric coating (single-pulse mode) or explosive electron emission (with double opposite-polarity pulses). It was found that, when the energy density of the ion beam exceeds ≈0.4 J/cm², periodic spoke-type structures with a step of 3–6 cm in the beam cross section are formed. The processes of formation of such a structure—nonuniform density of anode plasma and self-organization of anode and/or cathode plasma in crossed electric and magnetic fields—are analyzed. It is shown that the formation of local plasma regions in the anode–cathode gap of an ion diode can cause the formation of a periodic structure of the cross-sectional energy density distribution.