Abstract <p>This paper is considers the structure of atmospheric optical turbulence using both measurements in the atmospheric surface layer and modeling data for the entire optically active atmosphere. Estimates of the structural characteristics of Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov atmospheric optical turbulence are presented. Approaches to calculating atmospheric coherence lengths are discussed, including the Fried parameter, the Bump length, and the coherence lengths of non-Kolmogorov optical turbulence sensitive to deformations of the energy spectrum of turbulent air temperature fluctuations. Estimates of the atmospheric angular resolution in the daytime for the location of the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope are given. The developed methodological foundations for calculating the characteristics of optical turbulence and atmospheric angular resolution can be applied to other astronomical observatories (both solar and stellar).</p>