Abstract <p>A study was carried out of the chrono-geographical variability of plumage color polymorphism in synanthropic populations of blue rock pigeons in five cities of the Urals and Pre-Ural regions (Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhnii Tagil, Serov, and Perm) from April 2020 to April 2022. In the northern population of blue rock pigeon (Serov), the average proportion of the blue morphotype was significantly higher and the average proportion of black-checkered pigeons was lower than in more southern populations. From north to south, the proportion of black-checkered pigeons in the synanthropic populations increased and the average proportion of the blue morphotype decreased, which was probably determined by climatic peculiarities of the locality. No significant interseasonal differences in the frequencies of morphotypes were revealed during the period studied. However, the interannual dynamics of frequencies of most morphotypes in separate localities had seasonal peculiarities. In the northern population (Serov), the interannual differences in the frequencies of most morphotypes were significant in both the spring–summer and autumn–winter periods. In the localities located to the south, significant interannual dynamics were manifested in the spring–summer period only. Representatives of aberrant morphotypes were more sensitive to weather–climatic changes. Blue morphotype pigeons were more resistant to extreme climatic conditions. Pigeons of prevailing morphotypes (black-checkered and blue ones) reflected different behavioral strategies in the formation of the population structure.</p>