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Abstract <p>This study aimed to investigate the community structure and seasonal dynamics of butterfly populations across five distinct habitats- forest outskirts, urban park, herbal park, wetland, and rural area in the sub-humid region of Yamunanagar district, eastern Haryana, India. A total of 24 field visits were conducted fortnightly from March 2022 to February 2023, covering all four seasons. The butterflies were systematically sampled for their abundance, diversity, and seasonal fluctuations using the Pollard Walk method. In total, 10 040 individuals representing 63 butterfly species across 49 genera, 15 subfamilies, and six families were recorded. The study revealed significant variations in species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness across different habitats and seasons (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Among the habitats, the forest outskirts demonstrated the highest species richness, while the urban park had the lowest. Seasonal patterns showed distinct biannual peaks in both species richness and population abundance, occurring in the summer and post-monsoon seasons. The results also highlighted the crucial role of land cover type and seasonal changes in shaping butterfly diversity. Furthermore, five species recorded during the study are protected under conservation laws, underscoring the importance of these habitats for butterfly conservation.</p>

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Ecological Distribution and Seasonal Variability of Butterfly Populations in the Sub-Humid Ecosystems of Eastern Haryana, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Vidisha Gupta,
  • Parmesh Kumar

摘要

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the community structure and seasonal dynamics of butterfly populations across five distinct habitats- forest outskirts, urban park, herbal park, wetland, and rural area in the sub-humid region of Yamunanagar district, eastern Haryana, India. A total of 24 field visits were conducted fortnightly from March 2022 to February 2023, covering all four seasons. The butterflies were systematically sampled for their abundance, diversity, and seasonal fluctuations using the Pollard Walk method. In total, 10 040 individuals representing 63 butterfly species across 49 genera, 15 subfamilies, and six families were recorded. The study revealed significant variations in species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness across different habitats and seasons (P < 0.05). Among the habitats, the forest outskirts demonstrated the highest species richness, while the urban park had the lowest. Seasonal patterns showed distinct biannual peaks in both species richness and population abundance, occurring in the summer and post-monsoon seasons. The results also highlighted the crucial role of land cover type and seasonal changes in shaping butterfly diversity. Furthermore, five species recorded during the study are protected under conservation laws, underscoring the importance of these habitats for butterfly conservation.