Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Teleost Fishes Using the Example of Representatives of the Salmonidae Family: A Review

This review presents the main modern ideas about the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in teleost fishes and about the genes encoding key enzymes, desaturases and elongases, involved in this process. The authors summarized basic information about the set of elongases and desaturases genes and the features of their functioning in the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, as the most studied and valuable commercial salmon species. The data can be used when conducting research to improve and modify the biotechnology of fish farming with the possibility of targeted regulation of lipogenesis (primarily to control the content of essential FAs) in their body.