Untangling the Evolutionary Tapestry: Plastome Insights Unveiled from Sieruela rutidosperma to Cleomaceae

Sieruela rutidosperma, the Fringed Spiderflower, is a medicinal weed in the family Cleomaceae. We obtained the sequence of the complete plastid genome (157,073 bp), which has two inverted repeats (IRs) (26,083 bp each), a large single-copy (LSC) region (86,423 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC) region of (18,484 bp). The genome includes 132 genes, including eight rDNA genes, 37 tDNA genes, and 87 protein-coding genes. We identified an 18.8 kb inversion in Coalisina paradoxa and a 19.5 kb inversion in Gynandropsis gynandra. Tarenaya hassleriana is the closest relative of S. rutidosperma, which was formerly included in Cleome. Cleomella is the out-group to other Cleomaceae. Comparison with other genera of Cleomaceae, Brassicaceae, and Capparaceae confirms that the last is the sister group to the first two. Identification of SNP-rich regions in the cpDNA genomes of Cleomaceae may provide useful molecular means for species identification.