The Content Dynamics of Phenolic Compounds and Spare Carbohydrates in Seeds of the Invasive Species Acer negundo and the Native Species Acer tataricum in Connection with Their Competitiveness in Biocenoses

Changes in the content of various phenolic carboxylic acids (PCAs), chlorogenic (ChA), caffeic (CA), ferulic (FA), as well as the amounts of flavonoids and spare carbohydrates (monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and starch) in the tissues of Acer tataricum and Acer negundo seed embryos (indigenous and invasive species, respectively) during their storage were studied from October to March (cold chamber, T 5°C, humidity 80%). There was a significant increase in the content of ChA and the absence of CA in December–January in an aboriginal species with a long dormant period. In the invasive species A. negundo, which does not have a rest period, the level of ChA also increased, but was ten times lower than in A. tataricum, while a high level of CA was identified. In terms of flavonoid content, the native species A. tataricum is ten times superior to the invasive A. negundo. The carbohydrate content in A. tataricum was about 40%, and in the tissues of A. negundo seed embryos about 15% and did not change during the entire storage period. The dynamics of the content of phenolic compounds and forms of spare carbohydrates, their relationship with the activation of metabolic processes and protective anti-stress mechanisms during the cold storage of seeds, and competitiveness in biocenoses are discussed.