Scholarlink

Abstract <p>This article addresses a key aspect of direct current (DC) arc atomic emission spectrometry—the influence of chemically active additives on the performance characteristics of the determination of refractory elements in refractory matrices. To achieve this goal, the authors critically reviewed a series of their previously published results and compared them with relevant published data concerning both the mechanisms of additive action and their applications. Drawing on more than 25 years of research, the authors identified general trends and demonstrated advantages of fluorinating agents, such as AlF<sub>3</sub>, AgF, BaF<sub>2</sub>, SrF<sub>2</sub>, and ZnF<sub>2</sub>. These studies showed that the listed additives serve as universal modifiers in the analysis of refractory matrices and significantly enhance selectivity, sensitivity, and analytical accuracy of DC arc methods. Among them, zinc fluoride proved to be the most effective fluorinating agent for all matrices studied. Its use allowed us to lower the limits detection for refractory elements. The effect of fluorine-containing additives—AlF<sub>3</sub>, AgF, BaF<sub>2</sub>, SrF<sub>2</sub>, and ZnF<sub>2</sub>—on the the selectivity of the evaporation of a number of low-volatility elements from refractory matrices, including zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and graphite powder, in a DC arc was studied. It was found that the additives promoted the formation of highly volatile fluorides of the studied impurity elements, resulting in their fractional evaporation from the electrode crater relative to the base element. This behavior led to a marked increase in the intensity of spectral lines of impurity elements, a decrease in the continuous spectral background, and, consequently, lower limits of detection for low-volatility elements. Among all additives, zinc fluoride exhibited the highest efficiency. Its application lowered limits of detection by two to three orders of magnitude and improved the reproducibility of the results by approximately a factor of two compared to the analyses performed without additives. Moreover, the use of zinc fluoride eliminated systematic errors due to differences in composition between the analyte and reference samples, thereby further improving the accuracy of the analysis results.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Improving Performance Characteristics of the Determination of Low-Volatility Impurities in Refractory Materials by Arc Atomic Emission Spectrometry in the Presence of Fluorine Additives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

查看全文
  • N. I. Zolotareva,
  • S. S. Grazhulene

摘要

Abstract

This article addresses a key aspect of direct current (DC) arc atomic emission spectrometry—the influence of chemically active additives on the performance characteristics of the determination of refractory elements in refractory matrices. To achieve this goal, the authors critically reviewed a series of their previously published results and compared them with relevant published data concerning both the mechanisms of additive action and their applications. Drawing on more than 25 years of research, the authors identified general trends and demonstrated advantages of fluorinating agents, such as AlF3, AgF, BaF2, SrF2, and ZnF2. These studies showed that the listed additives serve as universal modifiers in the analysis of refractory matrices and significantly enhance selectivity, sensitivity, and analytical accuracy of DC arc methods. Among them, zinc fluoride proved to be the most effective fluorinating agent for all matrices studied. Its use allowed us to lower the limits detection for refractory elements. The effect of fluorine-containing additives—AlF3, AgF, BaF2, SrF2, and ZnF2—on the the selectivity of the evaporation of a number of low-volatility elements from refractory matrices, including zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and graphite powder, in a DC arc was studied. It was found that the additives promoted the formation of highly volatile fluorides of the studied impurity elements, resulting in their fractional evaporation from the electrode crater relative to the base element. This behavior led to a marked increase in the intensity of spectral lines of impurity elements, a decrease in the continuous spectral background, and, consequently, lower limits of detection for low-volatility elements. Among all additives, zinc fluoride exhibited the highest efficiency. Its application lowered limits of detection by two to three orders of magnitude and improved the reproducibility of the results by approximately a factor of two compared to the analyses performed without additives. Moreover, the use of zinc fluoride eliminated systematic errors due to differences in composition between the analyte and reference samples, thereby further improving the accuracy of the analysis results.