Abstract <p>This study introduces two innovative analytical methods for the sensitive determination of cefixime trihydrate (<b>CEF</b>) in pure and commercial dosage forms: a spectrophotometric method utilizing a chromogenic reaction with Coomassie brilliant blue and a turbidimetric approach based on colloidal complexation with sodium phosphotungstate. The spectrophotometric method relies on the formation of a red chelate complex (λ<sub>max</sub> = 517 nm) under optimized alkaline conditions (0.05 M NaOH), demonstrating a linear range of 40–400 µg/mL, with limits of detection (<b>LOD</b>) and quantification (<b>LOQ</b>) of 0.91 and 2.77 µg/mL, respectively. The turbidimetric method quantifies CEF <i>via</i> light scattering (600 nm) of colloidal aggregates, achieving a linear range of 3–55 µg/mL, an LOD of 4.80 µg/mL, and an LOQ of 14.45 µg/mL. Both methods were rigorously validated according to International Council for Harmonisation/U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, exhibiting excellent precision (relative standard deviation &lt; 2%), accuracy (recoveries: 96.5–99.8% for spectrophotometry; 85.5–96.6% for turbidimetry), and specificity against excipients and degradation products. Statistical validation (<i>t</i>-test, <i>F</i>-test) confirmed equivalence to high-performance liquid chromatography (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The spectrophotometric method offers superior sensitivity and precision, while the turbidimetric approach provides rapid, cost-effective analysis. These validated methods serve as robust alternatives to chromatographic techniques, enhancing accessibility for pharmaceutical quality control in diverse settings.</p>

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Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and Turbidimetric Methods for the Sensitive Determination of Cefixime Trihydrate in Pure and Commercial Dosage Forms

  • Elaf W. Idan,
  • Bashar Qasim,
  • Jalal N. Jeber

摘要

Abstract

This study introduces two innovative analytical methods for the sensitive determination of cefixime trihydrate (CEF) in pure and commercial dosage forms: a spectrophotometric method utilizing a chromogenic reaction with Coomassie brilliant blue and a turbidimetric approach based on colloidal complexation with sodium phosphotungstate. The spectrophotometric method relies on the formation of a red chelate complex (λmax = 517 nm) under optimized alkaline conditions (0.05 M NaOH), demonstrating a linear range of 40–400 µg/mL, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.91 and 2.77 µg/mL, respectively. The turbidimetric method quantifies CEF via light scattering (600 nm) of colloidal aggregates, achieving a linear range of 3–55 µg/mL, an LOD of 4.80 µg/mL, and an LOQ of 14.45 µg/mL. Both methods were rigorously validated according to International Council for Harmonisation/U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, exhibiting excellent precision (relative standard deviation < 2%), accuracy (recoveries: 96.5–99.8% for spectrophotometry; 85.5–96.6% for turbidimetry), and specificity against excipients and degradation products. Statistical validation (t-test, F-test) confirmed equivalence to high-performance liquid chromatography (p > 0.05). The spectrophotometric method offers superior sensitivity and precision, while the turbidimetric approach provides rapid, cost-effective analysis. These validated methods serve as robust alternatives to chromatographic techniques, enhancing accessibility for pharmaceutical quality control in diverse settings.