Abstract <p>Full evaporation headspace single-drop microextraction (<b>FE-HS-SDME</b>) in combination with air-agitated liquid−liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet (<b>AALLME-SFO</b>) was developed as an effective preconcentration technique. Chlorobenzenes were used as model analytes to evaluate the performance of the method. In the AALLME-SFO step, cyclohexane was used as the extraction solvent. Moreover, hexadecane was used for extracting analytes in the FE-HS-SDME step. The analytes were extracted from water samples and then quantified by gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection. Experimental factors influencing FE-HS-SDME and AALLME-SFO were evaluated. Based on the findings, limits of detection in the range of 0.003–0.006 µg/L were obtained. The technique showed good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 7%. Excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.9993) was achieved between 0.01 and 3.00 µg/L. The method demonstrated high sensitivity with acceptable recoveries between 80 and 100% for the extraction of analytes from wastewater samples.</p>

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Full Evaporation Headspace Single-Drop Microextraction Combined with Air-Agitated LiquidLiquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of a Floating Organic Droplet Followed by Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Chlorobenzenes

  • Mohammad Saraji,
  • Maliheh Shayan,
  • Salman Javadian

摘要

Abstract

Full evaporation headspace single-drop microextraction (FE-HS-SDME) in combination with air-agitated liquid−liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet (AALLME-SFO) was developed as an effective preconcentration technique. Chlorobenzenes were used as model analytes to evaluate the performance of the method. In the AALLME-SFO step, cyclohexane was used as the extraction solvent. Moreover, hexadecane was used for extracting analytes in the FE-HS-SDME step. The analytes were extracted from water samples and then quantified by gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection. Experimental factors influencing FE-HS-SDME and AALLME-SFO were evaluated. Based on the findings, limits of detection in the range of 0.003–0.006 µg/L were obtained. The technique showed good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 7%. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9993) was achieved between 0.01 and 3.00 µg/L. The method demonstrated high sensitivity with acceptable recoveries between 80 and 100% for the extraction of analytes from wastewater samples.