Recombinase Polymerase and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification in the DNA Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases

Recombinase polymerase and loop-mediated isothermal amplification can be conducted in nonlaboratory conditions, making these methods promising for the development of rapid tests for the DNA diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans, agricultural animals, and plants in the “point-of-care” testing or “in-field” detection format. The review discusses the fundamental principles underlying these methods and describes their current status, with a focus on noninstrumental methods for the detection of results in isothermal amplification using colorimetry and lateral flow assays. Approaches to enhancing the selectivity of isothermal amplification through its combination with CRISPR/Cas detection or by combining two methods based on the “nested amplification” principle are thoroughly examined.