Absorption of Impact and Shear Energy by Crystal Lattices of Mechanically Activated Inorganic Substances: A Review

This review summarizes the effects of mechanical impact on crystal lattices of some inorganic substances (Si, S, NaCl, KCl, CaO₂, BaO₂, YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x, hematite α-Fe₂O₃, ordinary glass Na₂O ∙ CaO ∙ 6SiO₂) in a centrifugal mill. It was found that powder particles subjected to short-term impact-shear loading are deformed and reduced in size, and have structural damage after grinding in the mill. Examination of disordered compound particles showed that the resulting activated states have a certain amount of energy. Intensive mechanical activation in a centrifugal mill leads to an excess enthalpy and a change in the properties for all studied compounds. The results obtained can be used in exploratory studies of substances and materials using various mechanochemical reactors.