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Abstract <p>The study of water-rock reaction of hot springs is of great significance to grasp the chemical composition of geothermal hot water. In this paper, on the basis of collecting samples for hydrochemical testing, the research is carried out by using ionic ratio relationship, silicon enthalpy diagram, hydrochemical simulation, etc. The results show that the geothermal water in the Simao Basin is mainly of Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> types, and the temperatures of the collected hot springs range from 24.0 to 62.5°C, and the pH ranges from 7.2 to 8.0. The Gibbs diagram shows that the chemical components of the geothermal water are mainly controlled by water-rock reaction and the evolution of the geothermal water in the region. The K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup> in the water mainly come from the dissolution of silicate minerals as well as clay minerals, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11471_2025_5141_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}\)</EquationSource> <!--EarthSci2560573Chen-m1--> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11471_2025_5141_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2-}}\)</EquationSource> <!--EarthSci2560573Chen-m2--> </InlineEquation>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> come from the dissolution of carbonate minerals such as dolomite and calcite as well as gypsum resulting from the alternating cation adsorption occurring during the evolution of geothermal water. The reservoir temperatures calculated by quartz geothermometer were in the range of 57.01–123.23°C, with an average of 83.57°C, and the circulation depths ranged from 1291.02 to 3574.33 m. Combined with the geological features, the geothermal water evolution mode in the Simao Basin is revealed.</p>

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Research on Hydrothermal Rock Reaction and Hydrochemical Evolution Process: A Case Study of Yunnan Simao Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • Lei Chen,
  • Jinchuan Zhang,
  • Xuan Tang,
  • Jie Li,
  • Yuhang Sun,
  • Longfei Xu,
  • Qianchao Li

摘要

Abstract

The study of water-rock reaction of hot springs is of great significance to grasp the chemical composition of geothermal hot water. In this paper, on the basis of collecting samples for hydrochemical testing, the research is carried out by using ionic ratio relationship, silicon enthalpy diagram, hydrochemical simulation, etc. The results show that the geothermal water in the Simao Basin is mainly of Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 types, and the temperatures of the collected hot springs range from 24.0 to 62.5°C, and the pH ranges from 7.2 to 8.0. The Gibbs diagram shows that the chemical components of the geothermal water are mainly controlled by water-rock reaction and the evolution of the geothermal water in the region. The K+, Cl–, and Na+ in the water mainly come from the dissolution of silicate minerals as well as clay minerals, and Ca2+, \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}\) , \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2-}}\) , and Mg2+ come from the dissolution of carbonate minerals such as dolomite and calcite as well as gypsum resulting from the alternating cation adsorption occurring during the evolution of geothermal water. The reservoir temperatures calculated by quartz geothermometer were in the range of 57.01–123.23°C, with an average of 83.57°C, and the circulation depths ranged from 1291.02 to 3574.33 m. Combined with the geological features, the geothermal water evolution mode in the Simao Basin is revealed.