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Abstract <p>The content and spatial distribution of six priority phthalates in the snow cover of the city of Ulan-Ude were studied for the first time. Ulan-Ude is located in the basin of the Selenga River, the main tributary of Lake Baikal. Snow samples were collected before the spring melting at 17 points located in the floodplains of the Selenga and Uda rivers and in the zones affected by various pollution sources. The snow water was analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The analysis showed that the total content of phthalates varied from 0.76 to 9.09 μg/L. Dibutyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and diethyl phthalate are dominant compounds. The obtained results on the distribution of phthalates in the snow cover within the urban agglomeration showed a slightly different dynamic of the accumulation from the previously studied pollutants. The highest contents were revealed in places with a high transport load in the zones of solid waste landfills characterized by natural depressions in the relief. Although the level of air pollution in Ulan-Ude is assessed as very high, the content of phthalates in the snow cover is significantly lower than that noted in other cities. Analysis of the phthalate content in the snow cover in Ulan-Ude is important for assessing the contribution of atmospheric sources to water pollution.</p>

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Phthalates in the Snow Cover of the Selenga River Basin: Content, Sources, and Spatial Distribution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • O. D. Budaeva,
  • S. V. Bazarsadueva,
  • E. P. Nikitina,
  • S. V. Zhigzhitzhapova,
  • V. G. Shiretorova,
  • N. B. Nimbueva,
  • V. V. Taraskin,
  • L. D. Radnaeva,
  • E. Zh. Garmaev,
  • A. K. Tulokhonov

摘要

Abstract

The content and spatial distribution of six priority phthalates in the snow cover of the city of Ulan-Ude were studied for the first time. Ulan-Ude is located in the basin of the Selenga River, the main tributary of Lake Baikal. Snow samples were collected before the spring melting at 17 points located in the floodplains of the Selenga and Uda rivers and in the zones affected by various pollution sources. The snow water was analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The analysis showed that the total content of phthalates varied from 0.76 to 9.09 μg/L. Dibutyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and diethyl phthalate are dominant compounds. The obtained results on the distribution of phthalates in the snow cover within the urban agglomeration showed a slightly different dynamic of the accumulation from the previously studied pollutants. The highest contents were revealed in places with a high transport load in the zones of solid waste landfills characterized by natural depressions in the relief. Although the level of air pollution in Ulan-Ude is assessed as very high, the content of phthalates in the snow cover is significantly lower than that noted in other cities. Analysis of the phthalate content in the snow cover in Ulan-Ude is important for assessing the contribution of atmospheric sources to water pollution.