Abstract <p>From last few years, transparent conducting oxide (TCOs) are gaining more attention in device technology. TCOs is an electrically conductive and optically transparent material. Its excellent properties have made it a promising material for various industries. Out of these TCOs, CdO is a binary compound of cadmium and oxygen, and has witnessed a dynamic evolution in its applications and understanding over the years. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) has garnered significant attention in scientific research and industrial applications due to its distinctive fundamental properties and versatile functionalities. Cadmium oxide is a prominent material, and it has wide applications like photovoltaic, optoelectronic, gas sensing, and solar cells when doped with different dopants. The objective of this review article is to deliver a wide-ranging understanding about CdO and its structural, optical, electrical properties and various applications, with the key directions of valuable resource for scientists, industry professionals, researchers operational in the fundamental properties and applications of this compound with a focus on its role in the semiconductor industry. Furthermore, this research article discussed the comparison analysis with cadmium telluride (CdTe) with the aim of elaborating the discussion concerning CdO. The evolution of CdO use might also be influenced by global perspectives on sustainability and environmental responsibility.</p>