Analysis of Surface Air Temperature Characteristics over the Territory of Russia for 1930–2021

Climate norms, temperature anomalies, and linear trends were calculated based on long-term (1930–2021) meteorological station data on surface air temperature over the territory of Russia. Maps of correlations between surface air temperature and the Arctic Oscillation index and the East Atlantic–West Russian index were calculated. For some summer periods, temperature extremes were mapped. Linear surface air temperature trends were calculated both across the Russian territory and for its individual physical-geographical regions, namely, European Russia, Western Siberia, and the Far East. Using wavelet and cross-wavelet analysis methods, characteristic cycles of variability of the surface air temperature were identified, and the close connection and coherence of fluctuations in the surface air temperature with the main climate indices were determined.