Stationary and Mobile Monitoring of the Column and Emissions of Climatically Active Gases in St. Petersburg Agglomeration

Global climate change is one of the most important scientific, social, and economic problems of our time. To estimate the significance of these changes and understand the physical and chemical processes associated with them, it is necessary to monitor the atmospheric content of climatically important gases and their fluxes into the atmosphere. This paper summarizes the results of more than thirty years (1991–2023) of spectroscopic study of the atmospheric composition at St. Petersburg State University (SPbU). The main attention is paid to stationary and mobile FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) measurements carried out at SPbU over the past 15 years and aimed at both studying temporal changes in the gaseous composition of the atmosphere and estimating emissions of climatically important gases from the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration. The paper presents new estimates of trends in CH₄, CO₂, OCS, CO, HCN, C₂H₆, H₂CO, CH₃OH, HCOOH, and C₂H₂ over 2009–2023, as well as experimental estimates of CH₄ and CO₂ area fluxes from the territory of St. Petersburg derived from measurements during EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) observational campaigns.