Effects of Strong Convection in Summer on Atmospheric Characteristics Derived from GNSS Monitoring Data

The paper solves the problem of deriving the relationship between the variability of statistical characteristics of atmospheric parameters measured by GNSS receivers and the characteristics of convective processes based on monitoring data near the Kazan city for 2013–2021. The GNSS monitoring results are compared with the convective indices, which are physical and statistical parameters of instability, calculated from ERA5 reanalysis: upward vertical velocity, vortex generation parameter, and WMAXSHEAR. Statistical characteristics of the horizontal gradient of the zenith tropospheric delay are shown to significantly change under conditions of deep convection. The results of the work can be used to develop a technique for sub-satellite monitoring of convective processes in the tasks of operational forecasting of severe weather phenomena.