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Abstract <p>In this paper reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon (rGO/AC, GAC) composite modified by PbSO<sub>4</sub> (PbSO<sub>4</sub>–rGO/AC, PGAC) as the additive to negative active material (NAM) of lead acid battery (LAB) was fabricated and its effect on high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycle life was investigated. To fabricate PGAC, the powder of AC was added to graphene oxide suspension and reduced by glucose. GAC powder was immersed in Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solution to allow lead ion (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) adsorption on GAC. And by reacting lead ion (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) which was adsorbed on the surface of rGO/AC and sulphate ion (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\)</EquationSource> <!--ElChem2560133Ri-m1--> </InlineEquation>), PGAC composite was obtained. X-ray diffration (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the structural characterization of the PGAC and electrochemical measurement was carried out by using cyclic voltametry (CV), linear sweep voltametry (LSV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). The results showed that the addition of PGAC composite (PbSO<sub>4</sub> : GAC = 26 : 74 wt ratio) to NAM at 2 wt % increased HRPSoC cycle life by 343% from 14 768 to 65 477.</p>

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Fabrication of the Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Carbon Composite Modified by PbSO4 as Ternary Additive to Negative Plate of Lead Acid Battery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Chung-Nam Ri,
  • Jin-Chon Ri,
  • Min-Ung Jon

摘要

Abstract

In this paper reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon (rGO/AC, GAC) composite modified by PbSO4 (PbSO4–rGO/AC, PGAC) as the additive to negative active material (NAM) of lead acid battery (LAB) was fabricated and its effect on high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycle life was investigated. To fabricate PGAC, the powder of AC was added to graphene oxide suspension and reduced by glucose. GAC powder was immersed in Pb(NO3)2 solution to allow lead ion (Pb2+) adsorption on GAC. And by reacting lead ion (Pb2+) which was adsorbed on the surface of rGO/AC and sulphate ion ( \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) ), PGAC composite was obtained. X-ray diffration (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the structural characterization of the PGAC and electrochemical measurement was carried out by using cyclic voltametry (CV), linear sweep voltametry (LSV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). The results showed that the addition of PGAC composite (PbSO4 : GAC = 26 : 74 wt ratio) to NAM at 2 wt % increased HRPSoC cycle life by 343% from 14 768 to 65 477.