Abstract <p>Biological education is necessary to achieve the national development goals of the country, to create an innovative economy, to ensure food security, import substitution, and subsequently technological independence and leadership in the pharmaceutical industry and the agricultural sector, to obtain renewable sources of raw materials and energy, to address issues related to climate change, and to achieve a high quality of life. Russia has considerable experience in biological education and science, but at the moment there are problems such as the isolation of biological education from modern science and practice, low motivation for obtaining biological education, lack of qualified personnel, and others. To solve these problems, a concept for the development of biological education in the Russian Federation is proposed. Its goals are improving the system of biological education in accordance with the updated national development goals of the Russian Federation, training qualified personnel, education and biological literacy of society, and increasing the attractiveness of biology for young people in choosing a professional career. The concept assumes a continuous process of biological education—work with preschoolers, school, university, additional education. It is emphasized that high-quality, relevant biological education is necessary for every citizen of the country for his successful life in modern society.</p>