Abstract <p>Cold stress has a negative effect on the ontogenesis of plants, the cold resistance of which is associated, among other things, with the accumulation of anthocyanins with antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to analyze the cold stress effect on the content of anthocyanins and the regulation of their biosynthesis in potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.). In the leaves of the cv. Lady Claire plants, subjected to a two-day low-temperature exposure followed by a recovery period, the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was determined in the dynamics of the experiment. Significant activation of regulatory (<i>StHY5</i>, <i>StJAF13</i>) and structural (<i>StCHS2</i>, <i>StCHI</i>, <i>StF3H</i>, <i>StDFR</i>) genes of the pathway was revealed at the beginning of the stress and by the end of the recovery phase. Expression of the structural gene <i>StANS</i> did not change. In the same leaves, the content of anthocyanins was determined and its increase was shown at the beginning and end of cold exposure. Similar expression dynamics of analyzed genes (except <i>StANS</i>) was found to be consistent with fluctuations in the level of anthocyanins. Overall, it was demonstrated that lower temperatures stimulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin accumulation in potato leaves. The data obtained may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation in response to abiotic stresses.</p>