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Abstract <p>This study demonstrates for the first time the effect of seed nanopriming using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; 15.4 nm, 20 µg/mL) on the metabolism and phytonutrient content in rapini microgreens (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. subsp. <i>sylvestris</i> L. Janch.) at the 7‑day‑old seedling stage. AuNP treatment resulted in the stimulation of growth processes, an increase in photosynthetic pigments content by 27%, glucose content by 13% and total protein content by a factor of 1.5. The content of secondary metabolites, represented by phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins, also increased approximately 1.5‑fold compared to the control. AuNP‑treated rapini microgreens exhibited an elevated antioxidant status. At the same time, an increase was observed in the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway: phenylalanine ammonia‑lyase 1 (PAL1), 4‑coumarate–CoA ligase 3 (4CL3), chalcone synthase 1 (CHS3), and flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H). The results highlight the potential of AuNP nanopriming to enhance both primary and secondary metabolism and increase phytonutrient content in important food crops.</p>

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Nanopriming Modulates Metabolism and Enhances Phytonutrient Content in Rapini (Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris L. Janch.) Microgreens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • K. V. Zhukova,
  • I. M. Kochetkov,
  • N. V. Naraikina,
  • I. A. Voroshilov,
  • Yu. V. Venzhik

摘要

Abstract

This study demonstrates for the first time the effect of seed nanopriming using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; 15.4 nm, 20 µg/mL) on the metabolism and phytonutrient content in rapini microgreens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris L. Janch.) at the 7‑day‑old seedling stage. AuNP treatment resulted in the stimulation of growth processes, an increase in photosynthetic pigments content by 27%, glucose content by 13% and total protein content by a factor of 1.5. The content of secondary metabolites, represented by phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins, also increased approximately 1.5‑fold compared to the control. AuNP‑treated rapini microgreens exhibited an elevated antioxidant status. At the same time, an increase was observed in the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway: phenylalanine ammonia‑lyase 1 (PAL1), 4‑coumarate–CoA ligase 3 (4CL3), chalcone synthase 1 (CHS3), and flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H). The results highlight the potential of AuNP nanopriming to enhance both primary and secondary metabolism and increase phytonutrient content in important food crops.