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Abstract <p>Dopamine has emerged as a key plant neurotransmitter with potent antioxidant properties, offering greater stress-protective benefits than other signalling molecules, and is now being explored in advanced studies including nanomolecular applications. Although it has been reported to influence growth, development and stress responses, its role in rice and the optimal concentration for exogenous application are not well defined. This study examined the effects of externally applied dopamine at different concentrations (1&#xa0;ng/L to 1 g/L) during the seedling and reproductive stages. Since the natural or endogenous level of dopamine in plants may not be sufficient for maximum performance, a slightly higher dosage supplementation exhibits better growth than the unsprayed control. In seedlings of rice variety Uma, dopamine treatments at 1 ng/L and 1 µg/L were more effective than other concentrations, while in KAU Manu Ratna, the 1 µg/L treatment showed enhanced growth which was on par with the untreated control. In the pot culture experiment using rice variety Uma, the 1 µg/L treatment exhibited the highest level of effectiveness. Therefore, dopamine dosage cannot be fixed based only on seedling assays, as it varies with growth stage, rice variety, and environmental conditions. Lower dopamine concentrations (1 ng/L and 1 µg/L) significantly enhanced shoot and root growth by improving root system architecture, chlorophyll content, and yield attributes, resulting in higher grain yield and reduced chaffy grains. In contrast, higher concentrations (1 mg/L and 1&#xa0;g/L) inhibited root development, reduced yield components, and induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species and cell damage. Overall, dopamine acts as a dose-dependent growth regulator in rice, with low concentrations promoting growth and productivity, while higher doses are damaging. These findings suggest an optimal concentration of dopamine for improving rice performance, which can be instrumental in determining the optimum dose for reproductive stage stress amelioration.</p>

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A Dose-Response Study of Dopamine-Mediated Growth Regulation in Rice across Different Growth Stages Gives Insights for Dose Optimisation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • J. P. Merlin,
  • S. Sreepriya,
  • K. Aishwarya,
  • K. Bhrundha,
  • G. K. Krishna,
  • R. Augustine,
  • J. Joseph,
  • M. S. Parvathi

摘要

Abstract

Dopamine has emerged as a key plant neurotransmitter with potent antioxidant properties, offering greater stress-protective benefits than other signalling molecules, and is now being explored in advanced studies including nanomolecular applications. Although it has been reported to influence growth, development and stress responses, its role in rice and the optimal concentration for exogenous application are not well defined. This study examined the effects of externally applied dopamine at different concentrations (1 ng/L to 1 g/L) during the seedling and reproductive stages. Since the natural or endogenous level of dopamine in plants may not be sufficient for maximum performance, a slightly higher dosage supplementation exhibits better growth than the unsprayed control. In seedlings of rice variety Uma, dopamine treatments at 1 ng/L and 1 µg/L were more effective than other concentrations, while in KAU Manu Ratna, the 1 µg/L treatment showed enhanced growth which was on par with the untreated control. In the pot culture experiment using rice variety Uma, the 1 µg/L treatment exhibited the highest level of effectiveness. Therefore, dopamine dosage cannot be fixed based only on seedling assays, as it varies with growth stage, rice variety, and environmental conditions. Lower dopamine concentrations (1 ng/L and 1 µg/L) significantly enhanced shoot and root growth by improving root system architecture, chlorophyll content, and yield attributes, resulting in higher grain yield and reduced chaffy grains. In contrast, higher concentrations (1 mg/L and 1 g/L) inhibited root development, reduced yield components, and induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species and cell damage. Overall, dopamine acts as a dose-dependent growth regulator in rice, with low concentrations promoting growth and productivity, while higher doses are damaging. These findings suggest an optimal concentration of dopamine for improving rice performance, which can be instrumental in determining the optimum dose for reproductive stage stress amelioration.