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Abstract <p>High temperature (HT) stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) productivity under current and projected climate change scenarios. Biostimulants are increasingly recognized as sustainable tools for enhancing plant stress tolerance through activation of stress-responsive pathways. The present study evaluated the efficacy of selected biostimulants—melatonin (100 µM), salicylic acid (1.0 mM), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and Isabion (amino acid based biostimulant)—in mitigating HT stress in two tomato varieties (‘Vellayani Vijai’—tolerant and ‘Arka Vikas’—susceptible). Plants were subjected to high temperature stress, and physiological, biochemical, yield, and quality parameters were assessed. HT markedly reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, membrane thermostability, pollen viability, antioxidant activity, yield, and fruit shelf life, while increasing lipid peroxidation. All the applied biostimulants showed ameliorative effects under HT. Among the biostimulant treatments, melatonin exhibited the strongest protective effect, followed by AMF and PGPR, resulting in higher photosynthetic efficiency, cellular hydration, CAT and PAL activity, total soluble protein, and membrane stability, while reducing malondialdehyde accumulation resulting in improved fruit yield and quality under HT stress. Principal component analysis revealed a clear association between antioxidant defense, physiological performance, yield, and quality traits, confirming that HT tolerance was achieved through coordinated regulation of multiple stress-responsive mechanisms. The tolerant variety showed a consistently stronger response to biostimulant application than the susceptible variety. Overall, the study demonstrates that targeted biostimulant application, particularly melatonin and AMF, represents an effective and sustainable strategy to enhance HT resilience and productivity of tomato under high temperature stress.</p>

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Physiological and Biochemical Insights into Biostimulant-Mediated High Temperature Tolerance in Tomato

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • S. M. Simhi Samyukta,
  • M. M. Viji,
  • K. Anusree,
  • R. Nalishma

摘要

Abstract

High temperature (HT) stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) productivity under current and projected climate change scenarios. Biostimulants are increasingly recognized as sustainable tools for enhancing plant stress tolerance through activation of stress-responsive pathways. The present study evaluated the efficacy of selected biostimulants—melatonin (100 µM), salicylic acid (1.0 mM), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and Isabion (amino acid based biostimulant)—in mitigating HT stress in two tomato varieties (‘Vellayani Vijai’—tolerant and ‘Arka Vikas’—susceptible). Plants were subjected to high temperature stress, and physiological, biochemical, yield, and quality parameters were assessed. HT markedly reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, membrane thermostability, pollen viability, antioxidant activity, yield, and fruit shelf life, while increasing lipid peroxidation. All the applied biostimulants showed ameliorative effects under HT. Among the biostimulant treatments, melatonin exhibited the strongest protective effect, followed by AMF and PGPR, resulting in higher photosynthetic efficiency, cellular hydration, CAT and PAL activity, total soluble protein, and membrane stability, while reducing malondialdehyde accumulation resulting in improved fruit yield and quality under HT stress. Principal component analysis revealed a clear association between antioxidant defense, physiological performance, yield, and quality traits, confirming that HT tolerance was achieved through coordinated regulation of multiple stress-responsive mechanisms. The tolerant variety showed a consistently stronger response to biostimulant application than the susceptible variety. Overall, the study demonstrates that targeted biostimulant application, particularly melatonin and AMF, represents an effective and sustainable strategy to enhance HT resilience and productivity of tomato under high temperature stress.