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Abstract <p>Salinity stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic factors limiting global maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) productivity by impairing photosynthesis, disrupting ion homeostasis, and inducing oxidative damage. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effects of exogenous glucose application on morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of maize seedlings under salt stress (100 mM NaCl; SS-100). Salt stress caused significant growth inhibition, reducing plant length, fresh weight, and dry weight by 41–55% relative to the control. In contrast, glucose application, particularly at 50 mg/L (50-Gluc), markedly enhanced growth and biomass accumulation. Under salt stress, 50-Gluc + SS-100 increased plant length and dry weight by 2.16- and 3.38-fold, respectively, compared to SS-100. Salt stress also decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoids by 64.75 and 43.81%, respectively; however, glucose supplementation substantially restored pigment contents, indicating improved photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast stability. Biochemically, salt-stressed plants exhibited a 3.11-fold rise in lipid peroxidation, whereas glucose co-application reduced oxidative damage by 26.7%. Moreover, glucose treatment enhanced superoxide dismutase activity by 63.5% compared to control and 4.0-fold compared to SS-100 plants, signifying activation of antioxidant defence. Overall, moderate glucose application mitigated salinity-induced physiological disruptions, enhanced antioxidant defence, and promoted stress resilience in maize seedlings. Furthermore, the development of glucose-based commercial biostimulant formulations may enhance plant growth and stress resilience, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Exogenous Supplementation of Glucose Mitigates Salt Stress and Enhances Sustainable Growth in Maize (Zea mays L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • K. Saravanan,
  • S. Dhanapal,
  • W. A. Alhoqail,
  • R. Vijayakumar,
  • D. Desai,
  • N. Kiruthiga,
  • N. Senthilkumar,
  • G. Chelladurai,
  • L. Archana Devi,
  • P. Gopi,
  • S. Manoj

摘要

Abstract

Salinity stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic factors limiting global maize (Zea mays L.) productivity by impairing photosynthesis, disrupting ion homeostasis, and inducing oxidative damage. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effects of exogenous glucose application on morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of maize seedlings under salt stress (100 mM NaCl; SS-100). Salt stress caused significant growth inhibition, reducing plant length, fresh weight, and dry weight by 41–55% relative to the control. In contrast, glucose application, particularly at 50 mg/L (50-Gluc), markedly enhanced growth and biomass accumulation. Under salt stress, 50-Gluc + SS-100 increased plant length and dry weight by 2.16- and 3.38-fold, respectively, compared to SS-100. Salt stress also decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoids by 64.75 and 43.81%, respectively; however, glucose supplementation substantially restored pigment contents, indicating improved photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast stability. Biochemically, salt-stressed plants exhibited a 3.11-fold rise in lipid peroxidation, whereas glucose co-application reduced oxidative damage by 26.7%. Moreover, glucose treatment enhanced superoxide dismutase activity by 63.5% compared to control and 4.0-fold compared to SS-100 plants, signifying activation of antioxidant defence. Overall, moderate glucose application mitigated salinity-induced physiological disruptions, enhanced antioxidant defence, and promoted stress resilience in maize seedlings. Furthermore, the development of glucose-based commercial biostimulant formulations may enhance plant growth and stress resilience, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.