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Abstract <p>Brassinosteroids (BRs) are critical hormones in plant growth and stress responses. However, the role of BRs under manganese (Mn) stress, particularly in fruit trees, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL) on mineral element distribution, antioxidant systems, and fluorescence parameters in <i>Malus robusta</i> Rehd. subjected to Mn stress. Our results showed that EBL treatment alleviated Mn toxicity by improving the distribution and homeostasis of essential minerals, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg). Notably, EBL enhanced Cu and Mg levels in both the cell wall and soluble fractions, promoting their mobilization and redistribution into more bioavailable forms. EBL also reduced oxidative damage by decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while increasing ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, fluorescence parameters, including <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>, <i>F</i><sub>m</sub>, NPQ, and <i>F</i><sub>0</sub>, were significantly improved under EBL treatment, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under Mn stress. These results highlighted the potential of EBL as a promising approach to alleviate Mn toxicity in <i>M. robusta</i> by modulating both physiological and biochemical responses, providing critical insights for the management of stress in fruit trees.</p>

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Brassinolide Enhances Manganese Tolerance in Malus robusta Rehd. through Physiological and Biochemical Adjustments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Y. Niu,
  • W. Xie,
  • J. Shen,
  • Y. Tian,
  • M. Liang,
  • X. Qiao

摘要

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are critical hormones in plant growth and stress responses. However, the role of BRs under manganese (Mn) stress, particularly in fruit trees, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL) on mineral element distribution, antioxidant systems, and fluorescence parameters in Malus robusta Rehd. subjected to Mn stress. Our results showed that EBL treatment alleviated Mn toxicity by improving the distribution and homeostasis of essential minerals, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg). Notably, EBL enhanced Cu and Mg levels in both the cell wall and soluble fractions, promoting their mobilization and redistribution into more bioavailable forms. EBL also reduced oxidative damage by decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while increasing ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, fluorescence parameters, including Fv, Fm, NPQ, and F0, were significantly improved under EBL treatment, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under Mn stress. These results highlighted the potential of EBL as a promising approach to alleviate Mn toxicity in M. robusta by modulating both physiological and biochemical responses, providing critical insights for the management of stress in fruit trees.