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Abstract <p>India ranks first globally in the production, consumption, and import of pulses. As a result, any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of pulse production has significant implications for the country’s economy, food security, and public health. In India, pulses are largely cultivated in agricultural fields that are often exposed to fluoride (F<sup>−</sup>) contamination. This study examined fluoride accumulation in <i>Vigna</i> species and demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in F<sup>−</sup> uptake. Under the highest fluoride treatment (30 µg/g; F30), fluoride accumulation reached 4.96 and 3.51 µg/g in the roots, and 2.88 and 2.81 µg/g in the leaves of <i>V. radiata</i> and <i>V. mungo</i>, respectively. Higher fluoride levels were associated with elevated concentrations of stress markers such as malondialdehyde, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, and enhanced accumulation of proline and lignin in plant tissues. In addition, the accumulation of photo-assimilates and carbon transport molecules, particularly sucrose, showed a substantial rise with increases of 263 and 113.8% in the roots, and 253 and 191% in the leaves of <i>V. radiata</i> and <i>V. mungo</i>, respectively. Conversely, the activity of nitrate reductase, a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, declined by 55 and 50% in the roots of <i>V. radiata</i> and <i>V. mungo</i>, respectively. The study also revealed fluoride-induced cytotoxicity, evidenced by a reduction in the mitotic index, an increase in the relative abnormality rate, and a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations, all correlating with increased fluoride exposure.</p>

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Effects of Fluoride during the Early Growth Phase in Indian Pulses (Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo): Physiological Alterations and Cytotoxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • G. Sinam,
  • B. Kumari,
  • K. Kriti,
  • N. Mishra,
  • T. Rathour,
  • S. Pal,
  • A. Kumar,
  • K. Gupta,
  • S. Mallick,
  • G. Singh

摘要

Abstract

India ranks first globally in the production, consumption, and import of pulses. As a result, any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of pulse production has significant implications for the country’s economy, food security, and public health. In India, pulses are largely cultivated in agricultural fields that are often exposed to fluoride (F−) contamination. This study examined fluoride accumulation in Vigna species and demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in F− uptake. Under the highest fluoride treatment (30 µg/g; F30), fluoride accumulation reached 4.96 and 3.51 µg/g in the roots, and 2.88 and 2.81 µg/g in the leaves of V. radiata and V. mungo, respectively. Higher fluoride levels were associated with elevated concentrations of stress markers such as malondialdehyde, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, and enhanced accumulation of proline and lignin in plant tissues. In addition, the accumulation of photo-assimilates and carbon transport molecules, particularly sucrose, showed a substantial rise with increases of 263 and 113.8% in the roots, and 253 and 191% in the leaves of V. radiata and V. mungo, respectively. Conversely, the activity of nitrate reductase, a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, declined by 55 and 50% in the roots of V. radiata and V. mungo, respectively. The study also revealed fluoride-induced cytotoxicity, evidenced by a reduction in the mitotic index, an increase in the relative abnormality rate, and a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations, all correlating with increased fluoride exposure.