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Abstract <p>Lead (Pb) toxicity negatively affects plant growth, reducing agricultural productivity and threatening food security. This study investigated the impact of L-methionine (Met) at concentrations of 0.5 mM Met1, 1&#xa0;mM Met2, 1.5 mM Met3, and 3 mM Met4 on redox homeostasis, metabolite accumulation, antioxidant defenses, and Pb uptake in two linseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.) varieties, Roshani-2018 and Chandani-1988. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with four replications per treatment, arranged factorially. Exposure to 3 mM Pb significantly reduced growth, chlorophyll content, and increased reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and relative membrane permeability. Foliar applied 1.5 mM Met3 effectively enhanced growth by reducing oxidative damage in Pb-stressed plants. L-methionine also promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites, osmolytes, and antioxidants such as phenolics, flavonoids, proline, glycine betaine, and ascorbic acid, particularly in Roshani-2018. Moreover, Met increased the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, facilitating ROS detoxification. By preserving chlorophyll integrity, Met mitigated oxidative stress and significantly decreased Pb accumulation in plant tissues. The 1.5 mM Met3 exhibited the most pronounced effects, yielding the highest improvements in all evaluated parameters. This cost-effective and sustainable strategy offers a promising approach to enhance crop productivity and ensure food safety in Pb-contaminated soils.</p>

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L-Methionine-Mediated Alleviation of Lead Negative Effects on Linseed: Photosynthesis, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defense, and Osmolyte Accumulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • H. Z. Saeed,
  • I. Hussain,
  • M. Iqbal

摘要

Abstract

Lead (Pb) toxicity negatively affects plant growth, reducing agricultural productivity and threatening food security. This study investigated the impact of L-methionine (Met) at concentrations of 0.5 mM Met1, 1 mM Met2, 1.5 mM Met3, and 3 mM Met4 on redox homeostasis, metabolite accumulation, antioxidant defenses, and Pb uptake in two linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties, Roshani-2018 and Chandani-1988. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with four replications per treatment, arranged factorially. Exposure to 3 mM Pb significantly reduced growth, chlorophyll content, and increased reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and relative membrane permeability. Foliar applied 1.5 mM Met3 effectively enhanced growth by reducing oxidative damage in Pb-stressed plants. L-methionine also promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites, osmolytes, and antioxidants such as phenolics, flavonoids, proline, glycine betaine, and ascorbic acid, particularly in Roshani-2018. Moreover, Met increased the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, facilitating ROS detoxification. By preserving chlorophyll integrity, Met mitigated oxidative stress and significantly decreased Pb accumulation in plant tissues. The 1.5 mM Met3 exhibited the most pronounced effects, yielding the highest improvements in all evaluated parameters. This cost-effective and sustainable strategy offers a promising approach to enhance crop productivity and ensure food safety in Pb-contaminated soils.