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Abstract <p>Climate change-driven heavy rainfall can lead to waterlogging stress, severely affecting plant growth and productivity. Melatonin, a key plant signaling molecule, has been recognized for its role in mitigating various abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the impact of melatonin application on alleviating waterlogging stress through morphological, physio-biochemical, and histochemical analyses in <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. var. Pusa Ruby during the vegetative stage. Our results demonstrate that during waterlogging stress, melatonin-treated plants exhibited improved growth, including increased relative plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and adventitious root formation. Under waterlogging stress, melatonin-treated plants exhibited increased physio-biochemical parameters, including relative water content, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and anthocyanins, while stress markers such as malondialdehyde and proline were reduced. Antioxidant enzyme assays further revealed that melatonin co-application enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase, and catalase. Histochemical staining confirmed that melatonin alleviated oxidative damage by reducing lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and superoxide radical levels under waterlogged conditions. These findings suggest that melatonin effectively alleviates waterlogging stress by enhancing plant growth, maintaining water balance, strengthening antioxidant defence mechanisms, improving water balance, and maintaining cellular homeostasis, thereby promoting plant resistance to waterlogging stress. This study highlights the potential of melatonin as a promising strategy to enhance crop adaptation to waterlogging stress under changing climatic conditions.</p>

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Melatonin Improves Growth and Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato Plants under Waterlogging Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • D. Bagal,
  • S. Rathore,
  • A. Sahu,
  • S. Mishra,
  • A. Guleria,
  • A. A. Chowdhary,
  • P. K. Verma,
  • V. Srivastava

摘要

Abstract

Climate change-driven heavy rainfall can lead to waterlogging stress, severely affecting plant growth and productivity. Melatonin, a key plant signaling molecule, has been recognized for its role in mitigating various abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the impact of melatonin application on alleviating waterlogging stress through morphological, physio-biochemical, and histochemical analyses in Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Pusa Ruby during the vegetative stage. Our results demonstrate that during waterlogging stress, melatonin-treated plants exhibited improved growth, including increased relative plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and adventitious root formation. Under waterlogging stress, melatonin-treated plants exhibited increased physio-biochemical parameters, including relative water content, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and anthocyanins, while stress markers such as malondialdehyde and proline were reduced. Antioxidant enzyme assays further revealed that melatonin co-application enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase. Histochemical staining confirmed that melatonin alleviated oxidative damage by reducing lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and superoxide radical levels under waterlogged conditions. These findings suggest that melatonin effectively alleviates waterlogging stress by enhancing plant growth, maintaining water balance, strengthening antioxidant defence mechanisms, improving water balance, and maintaining cellular homeostasis, thereby promoting plant resistance to waterlogging stress. This study highlights the potential of melatonin as a promising strategy to enhance crop adaptation to waterlogging stress under changing climatic conditions.