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Abstract <p>The relation between endogenous proline and the tolerance to boron toxicity (BT) was investigated in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. BT resulted in chlorosis, although <i>esk1-1</i> was the least affected. Under BT, <i>esk1-1</i>, the proline-overproducing mutant, had the highest osmolarity and proline values, whereas <i>p5cs1-4</i>, the proline-deficient mutant, had the lowest values. Catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were the most stimulated in Col-0 under BT. Ascorbic acid content was the highest in <i>esk1-1</i> under BT. The highest expression levels of <i>BOR1</i> and <i>BOR2</i> was determined at <i>esk1-1</i>. <i>BOR2</i> expression was the lowest in <i>p5cs1-4</i>. <i>BOR4</i> expression level were higher than <i>p5cs1-4</i> under BT. The <i>NIP6;1</i> gene expression in Col-0 was higher than <i>esk1-1</i> and <i>p5cs1-4</i>. Boron content was highest in <i>esk1-1</i> and lowest in <i>p5cs1-4</i> leaves. Osmotic regulation, GSH biosynthesis, and induction of B transport proteins were the main mechanisms of <i>esk1-1</i>'s tolerance to BT. To avoid BT, <i>p5cs1-4</i> plants prefer to raise the water potential and to keep boron out by balancing boron uptake and excretion.</p>

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Regulation of Endogenous Proline Biosynthesis Influences Boron Toxicity Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • A. Saglam,
  • M. Demiralay,
  • K. Ozturk,
  • L. Kucuk,
  • A. Kadioglu

摘要

Abstract

The relation between endogenous proline and the tolerance to boron toxicity (BT) was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. BT resulted in chlorosis, although esk1-1 was the least affected. Under BT, esk1-1, the proline-overproducing mutant, had the highest osmolarity and proline values, whereas p5cs1-4, the proline-deficient mutant, had the lowest values. Catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were the most stimulated in Col-0 under BT. Ascorbic acid content was the highest in esk1-1 under BT. The highest expression levels of BOR1 and BOR2 was determined at esk1-1. BOR2 expression was the lowest in p5cs1-4. BOR4 expression level were higher than p5cs1-4 under BT. The NIP6;1 gene expression in Col-0 was higher than esk1-1 and p5cs1-4. Boron content was highest in esk1-1 and lowest in p5cs1-4 leaves. Osmotic regulation, GSH biosynthesis, and induction of B transport proteins were the main mechanisms of esk1-1's tolerance to BT. To avoid BT, p5cs1-4 plants prefer to raise the water potential and to keep boron out by balancing boron uptake and excretion.