Abstract <p>Human activities are having a significant impact on our climate, which is affecting food production, productivity, and quality. Various factors, including water, light, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, influence a plant’s growth. Over time, atmospheric CO₂ levels have increased from approximately 280 ppm during pre-industrial times to 420 ppm, which is still rising. While this increase has led to higher rates of photosynthesis and plant growth, different plant species have responded differently, with C₃ plants typically benefiting more. This can result in faster growth rates, more significant biomass accumulation, and increased yield. However, elevated CO₂ levels are causing adverse effects on various quality parameters such as mineral composition, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, secondary metabolites, and cooking quality. If we do not address these quality concerns, we may struggle to achieve nutritional security, leading to severe undernutrition and malnutrition. Therefore, this review aims to address the significant impact of elevated CO₂ on crop growth, development and quality.</p>