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Abstract <p>Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) is a versatile cereal crop valued for its drought and heat resilience, critical for food, fodder, and biofuel production. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating sorghum growth, particularly flowering, is essential for improving its agricultural performance. The timing of flowering is governed by complex regulatory networks involving key genes modulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play pivotal roles in gene expression regulation across plant development and in response to stress. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in sorghum flowering by identifying key genes involved in floral development and examining their regulation by miRNAs. Key flowering genes, <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog 10</i> (<i>SbFT-10</i>), <i>SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE-2</i> (<i>SbSPL-2</i>), <i>SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE-14</i> (<i>SbSPL-14</i>), and <i>EARLY HEADING DATE 1</i> (<i>SbEHD-1</i>), were predicted as the targets of miR821, miR156, miR5565, and miR5568e, respectively. Using RT-PCR, we assessed the expression patterns of these genes during vegetative and flowering stages. Results showed that <i>SbFT-10</i>, <i>SbSPL-2</i>, <i>SbSPL-14</i>, and <i>SbEHD-1</i> had significantly higher expression levels in the flowering stage compared to the vegetative stage. Conversely, miR156, miR5568e, miR5565, and miR821d exhibited slightly elevated expression during the vegetative stage. These findings highlight the critical role of miRNAs in sorghum flowering and provide valuable insights for optimizing sorghum’s performance under varying environmental conditions. This knowledge can inform breeding strategies to enhance resilience and productivity, contributing to global food security and sustainable energy production.</p>

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Deciphering Gene–microRNA Interactions in the Flowering of Sorghum bicolor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • R. Yadav,
  • Y. Sharma,
  • C. P. Singh

摘要

Abstract

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a versatile cereal crop valued for its drought and heat resilience, critical for food, fodder, and biofuel production. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating sorghum growth, particularly flowering, is essential for improving its agricultural performance. The timing of flowering is governed by complex regulatory networks involving key genes modulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play pivotal roles in gene expression regulation across plant development and in response to stress. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in sorghum flowering by identifying key genes involved in floral development and examining their regulation by miRNAs. Key flowering genes, FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog 10 (SbFT-10), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE-2 (SbSPL-2), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE-14 (SbSPL-14), and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (SbEHD-1), were predicted as the targets of miR821, miR156, miR5565, and miR5568e, respectively. Using RT-PCR, we assessed the expression patterns of these genes during vegetative and flowering stages. Results showed that SbFT-10, SbSPL-2, SbSPL-14, and SbEHD-1 had significantly higher expression levels in the flowering stage compared to the vegetative stage. Conversely, miR156, miR5568e, miR5565, and miR821d exhibited slightly elevated expression during the vegetative stage. These findings highlight the critical role of miRNAs in sorghum flowering and provide valuable insights for optimizing sorghum’s performance under varying environmental conditions. This knowledge can inform breeding strategies to enhance resilience and productivity, contributing to global food security and sustainable energy production.