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Abstract <p>The objective of this study was to determine the most effective amino acids for enhancing thyme performance and essential oil production under both optimal and water-stressed conditions. A split-plot experiment was conducted, with irrigation level (100% field capacity—optimal, 70%—mild stress, 40%—severe stress) as the main plot factor and treatments (40 mg/L each of aspartic acid, tyrosine, proline, commercial amino acid mixture ‘Aminofert’, and water control) at a volume of 400 L/ha as the subplot factor. Amino acid treatments were applied as foliar sprays every two weeks from 30 days after transplanting until the beginning of flowering (six sprays in total). The amino acid solutions were freshly prepared for each spray and applied using a backpack sprayer at a volume of 400 L/ha. Each solution was supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20 as a surfactant. Control plants were sprayed with water containing 0.1% Tween-20. Under optimal irrigation, Aminofert and aspartic acid were superior, increasing growth traits like height, dry weights, and leaf area by 9.7–63.5%. For essential oil, Aminofert enhanced percentage by 28.7% and yield by 69.9%, while aspartic acid improved percentage by 31.6% and yield by 64.0%. These treatments also stimulated physiological enhancements, with Aminofert boosting chlorophyll, carotenoids, and antioxidant enzymes under optimal conditions. Under stress conditions, proline and tyrosine were the most effective amino acids. They enhanced growth by 16.4–79.1% and increased essential oil yield by 52.5–94.9% under mild and severe stress, respectively. Aspartic acid and tyrosine also elevated valuable terpene compounds like carvacrol, E-caryophyllene, and germacrene D. Proline was particularly noteworthy, improving chlorophyll, proline content, and antioxidants under severe stress. The findings suggest strategic amino acid application, especially Aminofert, aspartic acid, proline, and tyrosine, can be a promising approach to enhance crop performance, essential oil yield and quality, and physiological adaptations, particularly under water deficit stress conditions. The differential responses highlight the importance of considering specific amino acid treatments for targeted outcomes.</p>

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Evaluating the Efficacy of Exogenous Biostimulants Based on Amino Acids Supplementation on Growth, Physiology, and Oil Composition of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) under Varying Irrigation Regimes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • A. Kazempour,
  • Y. Sharghi,
  • S. A. M. M. Sanavy,
  • H. Zahedi,
  • F. Sefidkon

摘要

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the most effective amino acids for enhancing thyme performance and essential oil production under both optimal and water-stressed conditions. A split-plot experiment was conducted, with irrigation level (100% field capacity—optimal, 70%—mild stress, 40%—severe stress) as the main plot factor and treatments (40 mg/L each of aspartic acid, tyrosine, proline, commercial amino acid mixture ‘Aminofert’, and water control) at a volume of 400 L/ha as the subplot factor. Amino acid treatments were applied as foliar sprays every two weeks from 30 days after transplanting until the beginning of flowering (six sprays in total). The amino acid solutions were freshly prepared for each spray and applied using a backpack sprayer at a volume of 400 L/ha. Each solution was supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20 as a surfactant. Control plants were sprayed with water containing 0.1% Tween-20. Under optimal irrigation, Aminofert and aspartic acid were superior, increasing growth traits like height, dry weights, and leaf area by 9.7–63.5%. For essential oil, Aminofert enhanced percentage by 28.7% and yield by 69.9%, while aspartic acid improved percentage by 31.6% and yield by 64.0%. These treatments also stimulated physiological enhancements, with Aminofert boosting chlorophyll, carotenoids, and antioxidant enzymes under optimal conditions. Under stress conditions, proline and tyrosine were the most effective amino acids. They enhanced growth by 16.4–79.1% and increased essential oil yield by 52.5–94.9% under mild and severe stress, respectively. Aspartic acid and tyrosine also elevated valuable terpene compounds like carvacrol, E-caryophyllene, and germacrene D. Proline was particularly noteworthy, improving chlorophyll, proline content, and antioxidants under severe stress. The findings suggest strategic amino acid application, especially Aminofert, aspartic acid, proline, and tyrosine, can be a promising approach to enhance crop performance, essential oil yield and quality, and physiological adaptations, particularly under water deficit stress conditions. The differential responses highlight the importance of considering specific amino acid treatments for targeted outcomes.