Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies Synthesized in Plant Expression Systems: Problems and Prospects

In the last decade, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become widely used as diagnostic and therapeutic drugs. Their main advantage is high specificity, low toxicity and, accordingly, higher safety in the treatment of infectious and oncological diseases. The wide range of application of mAbs has led to the active development of technologies for their production. The review describes the advantages of plant-based systems for the production of mAbs compared to traditional expression systems. Particular attention is paid to research aimed at increasing the expression level of recombinant mAbs, bringing the glycosylation profile closer to human proteins, and developing technological features that make it possible to achieve the competitiveness of mAbs of plant origin. A separate section is devoted to the achievements made in this area. The final section examines the prospects for research related to obtaining plant-based mAbs with improved properties.