Abstract <p>Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to accurately assess the mental state of oneself and others and, as a result, predict and correctly interpret the behavior of others. The ToM system is closely linked to the psychological personality trait of alexithymia—the ability to identify and describe both one’s own emotions and those of others. While alexithymia is known to be associated with several disorders, the nature of this trait, its relationship with the ToM system, and its impact on specific components of the system remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how alexithymia influences functional connectivity (FC) within the ToM network during the resting state. The severity of alexithymia correlated positively with FC between the right anterior insular cortex and the superior frontal gyrus. Conversely, negative FC was identified between the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, as well as between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. These bidirectional influences occurred primarily within brain structures associated with the affective component of the ToM system.</p>