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Abstract <p>The article examines the export of Soviet oil to the CMEA countries in 1965–1985, relying on statistical data from declassified collections of <i>Foreign Trade of CMEA Member Countries</i>, which are being made available to scholars for the first time. The author argues that economic motives played a significant role in the expansion of Soviet oil supplies to socialist countries. From the pipeline system within the Soviet Union and the CMEA countries to the development of Soviet oil refining facilities, economic pragmatism shaped political decisions. Based on an analysis of oil export dynamics, it was concluded that even after 1968, supply volumes were determined more by long-term agreements than by current political events. Particular attention is paid to the crisis of 1973–1974, which, despite the rise in world prices, did not change the logic of Soviet trade within the CMEA. The article highlights the complex nature of economic relations in the socialist bloc, where oil has become a tool for integration, not just a subsidy for political loyalty.</p>

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Soviet Oil Exports to the CMEA Countries: New Statistical Evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • A. A. Popov

摘要

Abstract

The article examines the export of Soviet oil to the CMEA countries in 1965–1985, relying on statistical data from declassified collections of Foreign Trade of CMEA Member Countries, which are being made available to scholars for the first time. The author argues that economic motives played a significant role in the expansion of Soviet oil supplies to socialist countries. From the pipeline system within the Soviet Union and the CMEA countries to the development of Soviet oil refining facilities, economic pragmatism shaped political decisions. Based on an analysis of oil export dynamics, it was concluded that even after 1968, supply volumes were determined more by long-term agreements than by current political events. Particular attention is paid to the crisis of 1973–1974, which, despite the rise in world prices, did not change the logic of Soviet trade within the CMEA. The article highlights the complex nature of economic relations in the socialist bloc, where oil has become a tool for integration, not just a subsidy for political loyalty.