Alternative Approaches to Modeling World’s Political Processes and Orders
摘要
The article presents the grounds and principles of modeling based on the analysis of publications in the special issue of Political Science journal devoted to the changing world orders (No. 2, 2024). A distinction is made between modeling in life and in scientific studies. The role of political modeling of research questions, subject, method, and motivation of research is highlighted. A distinction is made between phenomena and their concepts, their reification and dereification, as well as the reality, actuality, and imaginary of modeled phenomena. Particular attention is paid to the miscalculations caused by the uncontrolled acceptance of the myth of the given and the myth of the framework. The processes of purification, enrichment, and grounding of models, the connection of these processes with simplex-complex transformations and transdisciplinary organon integrators—metretics, morphetics, and semiosics—are considered. Alternative possibilities for modeling are discussed (in particular: the construction of dynamic models that take into account the synchronization and dissynchronization of political processes). The problem of shaping a theoretical and methodological approach to development is discussed. The authors propose to develop not an abstract theory, but a transdisciplinary research program focused on mastering the extended evolutionary synthesis (evo-devo).