Submarine Forces of the Russian Navy in the War with Japan: First Experience (1904–1905)
摘要
This article explores the genesis of the Russian Navy’s submarine forces and their initial deployment in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. It covers the composition, organization, recruitment, and training characteristics, as well as the missions, methods, and results of submarine combat operations in Far Eastern waters. Due to the technical imperfection of the submarines and the lack of experience in operating them in everyday and combat conditions, Russian submariners did not achieve any significant success. However, the Russo-Japanese War demonstrated the significant potential of underwater weapons. Her experience and lessons were in demand when searching for and discussing ways to restore the naval power of the Russian Empire in the postwar years.